Effect of resveratrol on the expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator-1αin skeletal muscle of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 新乡医学院学报

Objective To investigate the effect of resveratrol on the expression of peroxisome proliferator activated re-ceptor γ coactivator-1α(PGC-1α)in skeletal muscle of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). Methods A total of 45 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group,model group and resveratrol group,15 rats in each group. The rats in the model group and resveratrol group were made COPD model through the intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide and repeated smoke exposure,except the rats in the control group. From the 29th day of smoke exposure,the rats in the control group and model group were given 2 mL saline by gavage,once a day for 30 days;and the rats in the resvera-trol group were given 2 mL resveratrol solution by gavage(100 mg·kg - 1 ·d - 1 ),once a day for 30 days. After 30 days of con-tinuous gavage,the rats were sacrificed,then arterial blood and skeletal muscles were harvested. The level of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in serum and skeletal muscle of rats was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of PGC-1α,nuclear respiratory factor 1(NRF1),mitochondrial transcription factor A(Tfam)and cytochrome C oxidase Ⅳ(COXⅣ)mRNA in skeletal muscle tissues of rats was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The expres-sion of PGC-1α,NRF1,Tfam and COX Ⅳ protein was detected by Western blot. Results The level of TNF-α in serum and skeletal muscle tissues of rats in the model group and resveratrol group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0. 01). The level of TNF-α in serum and skeletal muscle tissues of rats in the resveratrol group was significantly lower than that in the model group(P < 0. 01). The expression of PGC-1α,NRF1,Tfam,COX Ⅳ protein and mRNA in skeletal mus-cle tissues of rats in the resveratrol group and model group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P < 0. 01). The expression of PGC-1α,NRF1,Tfam,COX Ⅳ protein and mRNA in skeletal muscle tissues of rats in the resveratrol group was significantly higher than that in the model group(P < 0. 01,P < 0. 05). Conclusion Resveratrol can reduce the level of TNF-α in serum and skeletal muscle tissues of COPD rats,increase the expression of PGC-1α,thereby improving the mitochon-drial biosynthesis function.

Clinical characteristics of neonatal fungal sepsis in neonatal intensive care unit / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To study the characteristics of neonatal fungal sepsis and the difference between bacterial sepsis and fungal sepsis.To improve the understanding of neonatal fungal sepsis.Methods:Clinical data of neonatal fungal sepsis in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were collected from 2011 to 2016 in Peking University first Hospital.The clinical characteristics were analyzed retrospectively.The difference between neonatal fungal sepsis and bacterial sepsis was also analyzed.Results:Fifteen cases of neonatal fungal sepsis were recruited.Over the study period,the incidence of neonatal fungal sepsis was 0.52％,while it was 2.5％ in very low birth weight infants.Clinical characteristics were nonspecific.All the infants were treated with parenteral nutrition and broad spectrum antibiotics.Peripheral inserted central catheter (PICC) was placed in thirteen patients.Pathogenic analyses indicated Candida glabrata was the main pathogen in our study.All the pathogens were sensitive to amphotericin B.Only one Candida glabrata was resistant to fluconazole.Thirty-four cases of bacterial sepsis were included.The clinical characteristics and laboratory examination results were compared.The platelet count was 61 × 109/L in fungal group,while the platelet count was 178 × 109/L in bacterial group.There was statistical difference between the fungal group and bacterial group (P =0.004).The rate of thrombocytopenia was 80.0％ in fungal group,while it was 29.4％ in bacterial group.It was much higher in fungal group than in bacterial group (P =0.001).The rate of PICC placement was 86.7％ in fungal group,while it was 55.7％ in bacterial group.It was much higher in fungal group than in bacterial group (P =0.037).Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the cut-off value of the platelet count for the diagnosis of neonatal fungal sepsis was 145 × 109/L (sensitivity 61.8％,specificity 92.9％).All the patients were cured after standardized antifungal therapy.The indicators of liver and renal function were also measured before and after antifungal therapy.No significant difference was observed before and after treatment.Conclusion:The clinical characteristics of neonatal fungal sepsis was nonspecific.Candida glabrata was the main pathogen in our NICU.It can be cured as the result of standardized treatment.Decreased platelet count and PICC placement may indicate the possibility of fungal sepsis in neonates.

Effect of eletroacupuncture with close-to-bone needling treatment on expression of Sox9, VEGF and ColX in impaired cartilage of rabbits with knee osteoarthritis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of eletroacupuncture with close-to-bone needling treatment on expression of Sox9, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and type X collagen (ColX) in impaired cartilage of rabbits with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and explore its possible mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty New Zealand rabbits were randomized equally into normal control group, KOA model group, eletroacupuncture with close-to-bone needling group (CN group), and normal thrust needing group (NTN group). In the latter 3 groups, KOA was induced by Hulth-Telhag treatment and evaluated with X-ray examination, and 6 weeks after the modeling, eletroacupuncture for 20 min was administered in CN and NTN groups at the acupoints "Zusanli", "Waixiyan", "Neixiyan", "Liangqiu" and "Yinlingquan" in the left knee joints once daily for 5 days as a treatment cycle. After 5 treatment cycles, the rabbits were examined for behavioral changes, cartilage morphology, and Mankin scores; The protein and mRNA expressions of S0x9, VEGF, and ColX were examined using Westen blotting, immunohistochemistry, and RT-PCR as appropriate.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rabbits in the model, CN and NTN groups showed significant changes in behaviors and cartilage histomorphology after the modeling and after the treatments. HE staining showed that cartilage injury was repaired and tended to recovery in CN and NTN groups. The cartilage pathologies was severer in the model group than in the normal control, CN and NTN groups (P<0.01); Sox9 protein increased and VEGF mRNA level decreased in CN and NTN groups after treatment as compared with those in the model group (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Eletroacupuncture with close-to-bone needling can effectively improve KOA in rabbits probably by enhancing Sox9 and reducing VEGF and ColX expressions in the cartilage to inhibit hypertrophic differentiation of the chondrocytes, maintain chondrogenic phenotype and repair cartilage cells.</p>

Antihypertrophic effect of dihydropyridines calcium channel blockers is dependent on their potential of blocking N-type calcium channel / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the effects of amlodipine, benidipine and nifedipine on myocardial hypertrophy and evaluate the underlying mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Myocardial hypertrophy model was created by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in C57 BL/6 mice, and plasma catecholamine concentrations were measured 7 days after surgery to confirm the sympathetic activation. The 3 drugs were administered in TAC mice for 7 days and cardiac hypertrophy was evaluated according to the heart-to-body weight ratio (HW/BW). Effects of those drugs on the protein synthesis stimulated by phenylephrine in cultured neonatal cardiac myocytes were also examined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HW/BW and plasma concentrations of catecholamine were significantly increased in TAC mice one week after surgery in comparison with to sham-operated mice. One week after TAC, the HW/BW ratio was significantly lower in the amolodipine but not nifedipine-treated group than in the TAC group. Administration of nifedipine via minipump infusion for one week did not decrease HW/BW ratio. Treatment with amlodpine or benidipine, but not nifedipine, decreased the neonatal rat myocyte protein synthesis induced by phenylephrine stimulation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Antihypertrophic effect of DHEs on myocardium is dependent on their potential of blocking N-type calcium channel, and the underlying mechanism involves the sympathetic inhibition.</p>

Resveratrol improves high-fat induced nonalcoholic fatty liver in rats / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of resveratrol on the nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty Wistar rats were allocated into three groups (10 for each): a normal control group (NC, fed with standard chow), a high fat feeding group (HF, fed with a high fat diet) and a resveratrol treated group (RT). The RT rats were fed a high fat diet all the time (as the HF) and received resveratrol administration (100 mg . kg-1. d-1) started on the 6th week of the experiment. The experiment lasted for 16 weeks. Then all the rats were sacrificed and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was performed to evaluate insulin sensitivity. Liver histology was studied by HE stained microscopic preparations of the livers. Phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) levels were determined by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to the NC, visceral fat index and liver mass index was lower and fasting serum insulin (FINS) was higher and glucose infusion rate (GIR) was lower in the HF (t=10.554, P less than 0.01). Severe liver steatosis was observed microscopically in the HF. In addition, phosphorylation of AMPK levels in the HF was 45.8% lower than that of the NC (t=8.384, P less than 0.01). Compared with the HF, the visceral fat index, liver mass index, FINS and GIR were all much lower, and the liver steatosis was milder than those in the RT. Further phosphorylation of AMPK seen was 70.2% higher in RT compared with that in the NC (t=3.816, P less than 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Resveratrol administration improved high-fat feeding induced insulin resistance and fatty liver by activating AMPK.</p>

Study on effect of Tiaomaiyin injection on experimental arrhythmia / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Tiaomaiyin injection on the experimental arrhythmia for analyzing its underlying mechanism in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Experimental animals anesthetized with 20% urethane (6 mL x kg(-1)) were evenly randomized into control group, positive control group, low-dose and high-dose Tiaomaiyin group. The rate of ventricular fibrillation (VF) chloroform-induced in mice, and the epoch of ventricular extrasystole (VE), ventricular tachycardia (VT),VF and cardiac arrest (CA), actonitine-induced in rats (1.0 microg x mL(-1) x min(-1)), and vabain-induced in guinea pigs (10 microg x mL(-1) x min(-1)), were detected respectively. The result loas converted into cumulative dosage of actonitine or vabain. In ischemia-reperfusion model in rats, the duration of arrhythmia and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>After venous injection of Tiaomaiyin, VF in mice was lower significantly (P < 0.01), VE, VT, VF in rats and VF in guinea pigs were lowered considerably (P <0.05). The duration of arrhythmia in ischemia-reperfusion model was reduced considerably (P < 0.05), and the activity of myocardial SOD was raised significantly (P <0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Tiaomaiyin shows the reduction of experimental arrhythmia and protect effect to ischemia-reperfusion injury of the heart, which indicates that the effect mechanism may have the relationship with inhabition of lipid peroxidation and damnification of the free radical.</p>

Studies on chemical constituents in the peels of Citrus changshan-huyou (I) / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To reveal the pharmacological activities of the components for their further utilization and development by studying the chemical constituents of Citrus changshan-huyou.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The structures were determined by repeated silica gel chromatographic separation and spectral analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Five compounds were obtained, and identified as 3-oxo friedelin (I), limonin (II), beta-sitosterol (III), 8-(2',3'-dihydroxy-4'-methylbutane)-7-methoxycoumarin (IV), sucrose (V).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The five compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.</p>

Discussion on the Issue of Medical Institution's Pharmaceuticals Purchase by Public Bidding / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the issue of medical institution's pharmaceuticals purchase by public bidding and so as to put forward some improvement measures.METHODS:The problem in the pharmaceuticals purchase by public bidding sys?tem was analyzed by the governmental management theory.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The pharmaceutical purchase by public bidding system was far from perfect which were highlighted in the high cost of governmental management,over-burden of bidding factories,financial loses of medical institutions,and chaos of medicine pricing management.The governmental pricing system should be regulated,the medical reform systems should be speed up,and the efficiency of governmental man?agement should be improved.